AV & Broadcast Standards
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Video Standards and Formats
HDTV (High-Definition Television)
720p: 1280 x 720 pixels, progressive scan
1080i: 1920 x 1080 pixels, interlaced scan
1080p: 1920 x 1080 pixels, progressive scan
SDTV (Standard-Definition Television)
480i (NTSC): 720 x 480 pixels, interlaced scan
576i (PAL/SECAM): 720 x 576 pixels, interlaced scan
Ultra-High-Definition (UHD) and 4K
3840 x 2160 pixels (UHD)
4096 x 2160 pixels (4K)
Aspect Ratios
4:3 (standard definition)
16:9 (widescreen)
Frame Rates
24 fps (cinema)
25 fps (PAL)
30 fps (NTSC)
60 fps (high-frame-rate video)
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Audio Standards and Formats
Sampling Rates
44.1 kHz (CD quality)
48 kHz (DVD and digital video quality)
96 kHz (high-resolution audio)
Bit Depth
16-bit (CD quality)
24-bit (DVD and high-resolution audio)
Channels
Mono (1 channel)
Stereo (2 channels)
Surround sound (5.1, 7.1, and more channels)
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Pro AV Interconnections & Interfaces
Analog
Composite video (1 channel)
S-Video (2 channels)
Component video (3 or 5 channels)
Digital
DVI (Digital Visual Interface)
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)
DisplayPort
Maximum Bandwidths
HDMI 1.0-1.2a: 4.95 Gbps
HDMI 1.3-1.4b: 10.2 Gbps
HDMI 2.0-2.0b: 18 Gbps
HDMI 2.1: 48 Gbps
DisplayPort 1.1-1.4a: 17.28 Gbps (4-lane)
DisplayPort 2.0: 80 Gbps (4-lane)
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Broadcast Standards and Systems
Analog
NTSC (National Television System Committee)
PAL (Phase Alternating Line)
SECAM (Séquentiel couleur à mémoire)
Digital
ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee)
DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting)
ISDB (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting)
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Video Compression Standards & Codecs
Lossless Compression
Apple ProRes
Huffyuv
Lagarith
Lossy Compression
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
H.265/HEVC
AV1
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Audio Compression Standards & Codecs
Lossless Compression
FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec)
ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec)
Monkey's Audio
Lossy Compression
MP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer III)
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding)
Ogg Vorbis
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File Formats and Containers
Video
MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 14)
MKV (Matroska Multimedia Container)
AVI (Audio Video Interleave)
Audio
WAV (Waveform Audio File Format)
AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format)
MP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer III)
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Color Spaces and Color Gamuts
RGB
sRGB
Adobe RGB
DCI-P3
YUV
YCbCr
YPbPr
YUV
Color Gamuts
BT.709 (Rec. 709)
BT.2020 (Rec. 2020)
DCI-P3
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Audio-Video Synchronization & Delay
Video Delay
Processing delay
Transmission delay
Display delay
Audio Delay
Processing delay
Transmission delay
Playback delay
Lip-Sync Error
Acceptable range: ±15 ms
Ideal: 0 ms
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Audio and Video Levels & Calibration
Luminance (Video): 0-100 IRE
Color (Video): 75% (NTSC) or 80% (PAL) of the color bars
Audio: -12 dBFS to -20 dBFS (average)
Headroom: 20 dB (minimum)